What part of the brain is sometimes referred to as the "little brain" and is involved in coordination?

The cerebellum, often called the "little brain," plays a crucial role in coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and maintaining posture. It is situated at the back of the brain, below the cerebrum, and is responsible for fine-tuning motor activities, allowing for smooth and precise movements. The cerebellum integrates sensory information from various parts of the body and coordinates it with motor commands to ensure that movements are fluid and well-timed.

Its structure, which includes a highly folded outer layer known as the cerebellar cortex, increases the surface area for neuron connections, enhancing its ability to process information related to motor control. Without the proper functioning of the cerebellum, individuals may experience difficulties with coordination and balance, which can lead to issues such as unsteady gait, poor posture, and problems with skilled movements.