What is the term for any vessel or receptacle that holds material, including storage vessels, pipelines, and packaging?

The term used to describe any vessel or receptacle that holds material, including storage vessels, pipelines, and packaging, is "container." This term encompasses a wide variety of structures designed to hold or transport substances, making it a broad and inclusive word. In many contexts, "container" can refer to anything from industrial storage tanks to smaller items like bottles or boxes, emphasizing its versatility in describing any type of holding device used for materials.

The other terms provided, while similar in meaning, do not capture the full scope of what a container represents. "Receptacle" suggests a holding device but is often more specific to items that receive or contain. "Holder" tends to denote a more informal or specific use, often indicating something that supports or maintains an item rather than being a universal term for storage. "Storage unit" typically refers to a space or facility used for storing items, which is more specific than the general usage of "container." Thus, "container" is the most accurate and comprehensive term among the options.