What is the major vessel in the upper extremity that supplies blood to the arm?

The brachial artery is the principal vessel that supplies blood to the arm. It is a continuation of the axillary artery and runs down the upper arm, dividing into the radial and ulnar arteries at the elbow. The brachial artery is crucial for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the muscles and tissues in the upper extremity, playing an essential role in both movement and function.

While the subclavian artery does supply blood to the upper extremity, it primarily serves as the major artery for the shoulder region before branching into the axillary artery and then the brachial artery. The radial artery, although significant as it supplies blood to the lateral aspect of the forearm and hand, is a branch of the brachial artery and not the main vessel for the entire arm. The carotid artery is involved in supplying blood to the head and neck regions, making it unrelated to the blood supply of the arm.

Understanding the brachial artery's role helps in recognizing its importance in the vascular system of the upper extremity and its function in sustaining the tissues and muscles in that area.