What is a potential consequence of compartment syndrome if left untreated?

Compartment syndrome occurs when increased pressure within a confined anatomical space compromises the circulation and function of the tissues within that space. This condition is often due to bleeding, swelling, or increased pressure from external sources after injury or trauma.

When left untreated, the persistent high pressure can lead to inadequate blood flow to the muscles and nerves, resulting in tissue ischemia. Over time, the lack of blood supply leads to cellular death, ultimately culminating in tissue necrosis. Necrosis refers to the death of tissue due to loss of blood supply, which can cause severe complications, including the need for amputation of affected limbs and infection as dead tissue becomes a breeding ground for bacteria.

In contrast, respiratory distress, internal bleeding, and cardiac failure are not direct consequences of compartment syndrome and are typically associated with different medical conditions. Understanding the critical nature of compartment syndrome highlights the urgency of prompt diagnosis and intervention to prevent irreversible damage to the affected tissues.