What condition is characterized by inflammation of the bronchioles and commonly affects children younger than 2 years?

The condition characterized by inflammation of the bronchioles, particularly affecting children younger than 2 years, is bronchiolitis. This inflammatory process typically results from a viral infection, most commonly the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and leads to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing.

In younger children, the smaller airway size makes them more susceptible to obstruction due to the swelling associated with this condition. Bronchiolitis often manifests during the winter months and presents with viral symptoms, which can escalate to respiratory distress in affected infants and toddlers. Prompt recognition and management are crucial to preventing severe complications in this vulnerable age group. The focus on bronchiolitis in pediatric care is essential given the significant impact it can have on respiratory health in early childhood.